Rewards System in HRM

Prizes System in HRM Part 1 The fundamental thought of HRM is first show up from 1980s; and characterized in exceptionally straightforward term as overseeing individuals in association and now in current society, innovative changes and creation of item and administrations request something other than overseeing individuals in an association (Newell and Scarbrough, 2002). The term Human Resource Management and Human Resource rose in the wake of supplanting the term Personnel Management with practically same meaning of overseeing individuals in an association; it is a conscious and steady methodology of overseeing hierarchical basic resource (for example individuals) so as to work business easily and accomplish targets which works through human asset framework including HR systems, HR arrangements, HR process, HR practices and HR programs (Armstrong, 2006). HRM frameworks can be pass through hierarchical skills to allow firms and industry to find and use existing and up and coming chances (Ulrich and Lake, 1990). Hierarchical viability, Human Capital administration, Knowledge Management, Reward Management, worker relations, Meeting Diverse requirements, bringing the hole among talk and the truth are the particular point of human asset the executives (Armstrong, 2006:8). Believe every single human capacity to be either inborn or procured. Each individual is brought into the world with a specific arrangement of qualities, which decides his [sic] intrinsic capacity. Properties of obtained populace quality, which are significant and can be increased by suitable speculation, will be treated as human capital (Schultz, 1981, p.21 cited in fitz-enz, 2000, p. xii). Inspiration 1.2 Purpose of Study The main role of this examination is to dissect the prize framework and its effect on representatives conduct in McDonalds. Besides, this exploration will attempt to assess whether reward appropriate prize framework would be the better apparatuses for improving representatives execution. This exploration examination would be led through getting to sentiment and enthusiasm of workers by circulating very much structured poll set. Based on this examination, the exploration will attempt to counsel the techniques and ideas for accomplishing representatives fulfillment through appropriate and very much planned prize approaches in McDonalds. 1.3 Objectives of study The prize administration framework is a necessary piece of present day business foundation; every single business is working through ideal usage of human asset; in this manner, worker fulfillment and prize framework are imperative factors so as to accomplish authoritative objective (Armstrong, 2009). The essential goal of this exploration is to look at the connection between workers execution conduct and prize framework with in the association. Moreover, the particular destinations of this examination are as underneath: To break down how reward framework assists with accomplishing authoritative objective and diminish work turnover. To research why prizes are basic to help representatives execution. To discover what kind of remuneration framework are for the most part actualized by McDonalds so as to propel workers. Prize framework inside an association have significant job in producing all out remuneration dependent on hierarchical qualities and targets; It assists with giving update about the significance in term of conduct and results; Well structured prize framework backing to build execution culture and positive employment relationship just as mental agreement (Armstrong and Helen, 2004). Moreover, this investigation offers data and information to help in other applicable examination and study to accomplish information and better comprehension of drawbacks. This examination targets issues on remuneration framework as well as include and discover the different options like: non-money related prizes can supplant the monetary prizes whenever applied after point by point investigation of representatives premium and necessities. This examination will attempt to see if or not; nature of administration in McDonalds relies on remuneration framework inside association. This examination discoveries and results may assists with improving comprehension between workers fulfillment execution and prize framework. It eventually serves to the new HR administrators to configuration better reward framework dependent on workers intrigue and needs. Different sort of remunerations, workers desire, representatives fulfillment, representatives needs and hierarchical objectives are the key variables of this examination. 1.4 Research Questions How reward framework assists with accomplishing authoritative objective and lessen work turnover? Why compensations inside an association are fundamental to support representatives execution? What kinds of remuneration framework are for the most part executed by association so as to rouse representatives? 1.5 Assumptions Supposition A A/0: It is accepted that there is connection between remuneration framework and representative conduct. A/1: It is accepted there is no connection between remuneration framework and representative conduct. Supposition B B/0: It is accepted that there is connection between representative fulfillment and worker reward framework. B/1: It is accepted that there is no connection between representative fulfillment and worker reward framework. Supposition C C/0: It is accepted that there is connection between representative fulfillment and quality administrations. C/1: It is accepted that there is no connection between representative fulfillment and quality administrations. 1.6 Research Structure So as to break down remuneration framework and its effect on workers conduct, this examination will survey the current and current writing under the situation of remuneration and prize hypothesis executed by different industry in section two. This exploration will likewise examine the worker fulfillment in connection with remuneration furnished at McDonalds with the assistance of essential information gathered from representatives. Thus, in the writing audit section, various hypotheses identifying with remunerations, issues on remunerations and its sorts will be altogether inspected. The third part, Research system will address theory, approach and strategies for research embraced for this examination. It will likewise clarify the testing, contextual investigation, research technique, information assortment instruments, wellspring of information and the strategy for information examination. The fourth part, Data investigation and Presentation will introduce the consequences of the ex amination in connection with segment investigation of the respondents and their fulfillment level in McDonalds reward framework. Different figures and outlines will be referenced in this section so as to make basic and itemized report on research. In the fifth part, ends and suggestions will be made dependent on information investigation and Presentation. This specialist will offer proposal to the organization (for example McDonalds) with due consultation to the consequences of the essential information and the audit of the writing. After wards, References and informative supplements will be remembered for research paper for better understanding and legitimacy of study. Part 2 Writing Review Hypothetical Framework This part features on the writing that is accessible in the subject particularly the fundamental concern and points of the exploration is to essentially concentrate on the connection between association objective and its prize arrangement of chose drive-through joint. It incorporates writing with respect to speculations on the subject and survey of the watched proof of past examinations. With respect to concern a few books, articles, diaries, research considers have been looked into in this subject. The primary targets of the writing survey is to discover what examination contemplates have been led in ones chose of creating research structure. Along these lines the past examinations can't be in secret since they give the establishment of the current investigation. 2.2 Conceptual Framework Before getting into the center topic of Reward framework in benefit making association, it is basic to be familiar with the general idea of remuneration, advantage and other related points and general profile of association. To comprehend it better, the accompanying areas and sub-segments will look at the theoretical matter of the prize framework and give brief presentation of the association under exploration. 2.3 The setting of Reward the executives In 1960s and 1970s the fundamental driver behind acquaintance of motivator plans was with fabricate way of giving specialists wages and pay rates during a period of government controls (Bowley et al 1982). Because of absence of appropriate methodology and strategies, some of bosses increase diminished expense and even underneath half of expanded results; in 1980s and 1990s the idea of paying individuals was changed where laborer were paid for their exhibition as opposed to participation; likewise tax collection strategy was marginally changed as lower rate in annual duty (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005). Installment framework has been definitely changed in Britain in the course of the most recent twenty years and heaps of ideas are risen corresponding to pay and compensation which are straightforwardly in charge of the executives; comparably, in USA, another idea of installment has developed under the rubric of the New Pay. This new example has extraordinary impact on Britains the b oard practice and government too (White and Druker, 2000). The new example of contemplating New Pay in Britain is reward the board (term utilized by Armstrong and Murlis 1988) has same administration concern. At that point, these ideas fall upon two grounds: 1) compensating representatives for work done and 2) compensation framework to be restrictive upon business strategy. Moreover, the enthusiasm for remuneration framework idea had been supported by IPD proficient schedule which remembers heaps of unit and title for worker reward and a particular course book (Armstrong, 1999). The new schedule by IPD gives higher accentuation on remunerating representatives and workers fulfillment towards work. Be that as it may, this all encompassing methodology of installment has not, until now, reflected in scholarly writing, where discussion emerges between smaller scale financial matters writing of work market analysts and human asset writing. The previous concern was about impact of pay on entire economy and effect on expansion, nudge

Developing country Essay Example for Free

Creating nation Essay Why we need to let our insight to another person obscure to us. Why we need to make our country into a question mark. Work for our country work for us let our group of people yet to come be a created country. We are positioning in a timberland place both in economy and in creating. So mind is our so why we need to deplete to other people. So get into it to work for our country. Jai rear. Rate this: +3 - 2 The idea of ‘brain drain’ is of an ongoing one that has ever firmly developed since the most recent couple of decades. The expression ‘brain drain’ alludes to the expanding inclination of the youthful, fiery, fit and skilled young people of a nation to relocate to another nation looking for their fortune †rather better fortune. They spurn their country for they look for better open doors in different nations. This has gotten a trademark a greater amount of the scholarly people of the nationâ€the specialists, engineers, researchers, M.B.A’s, C.As, legal counselors and different experts. Interest in instruction in a creating nation may not prompt quicker monetary development if countless its exceptionally taught individuals leave the nation. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) gauges that India loses $2 billion per year on account of the resettlement of PC specialists to the U.S.[45] Indian understudies traveling to another country for their higher investigations costs India an outside trade surge of $10 billion every year. Our nation is progressively being denied of its scholarly limit. Mind channel is additionally viewed as a financial expense, since exiled people as a rule take with them the portion of estimation of their preparation supported by the legislature. Our country, if this proceeds, will be rendered mentally devastated and inept. This, thusly, is prompting an incredible loss of National riches. Be that as it may, have we at any point thought of the purposes for such an extraordinary development of cerebrum outside the nation? Like consistently, we want to harp upon the issues instead of discover an answer. For what reason does India, an extraordinary and tyrannical country in Asia, need to face such a grave and major issue? For what reason is our childhood charmed by the more bizarre glades and skylines? For what reason do they like to try sincerely and be straightforward there, rather than here?The first response to this issue is that we have.. no designs to come back to India. The reasons aren’t difficult to comprehend: a liberally paying activity in an incredible expert condition. In any case, Bandyopadhya, isn’t alone who has chosen to remain back in the US. Indeed, he is only one among 94.8 percent of Indians who concentrate abroad to win doctorates in science, building, and wellbeing and don’t get back as indicated by an examination study discharged in October 2012 by Wan-Ying Chang and Lynn M. Milan of the National Science Foundation. The investigation, on the off chance that anything, is most recent proof that ‘brain drain’ isn’t stemming, something over which our policymakers must consider on the event of ‘National Science Day’. In 2010, India with an expected load of 11.4 million exiled people was just second to Mexico (11.9 million) as a wellspring of foreigners, as per an examination paper, ‘Indian Human Resources Mobility: Brain channel versus Brain gain’ distributed in 2012. India and the Philippines gracefully most remote prepared specialists and medical caretakers to the English-talking nations inside The Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD). Refering to absence of development openings in the nation, Dr. Sudeshna Mitra, right hand teacher at IIT Kharagpur focuses, â€Å"It is genuine that a great deal of progress has been made at the foundation level in the course of recent years yet in the event that we contrast it and the created nations of the world, it is as yet not sufficient, henceforth it will be extremely troublesome on our part to stop eager individuals leaving the country.† Cerebrum channel works both inside and outside the nation. Dr. Arvind Agrawal, educator at Department of Sociology, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, says, â€Å"There are two sorts of mind channel going on in the nation. The first is the inside and the second is the outside. Undoubtedly, it is for the most part limited to the states. A state like Rajasthan which has shockingly a rundown of numerous great schools yet needs great English medium universities, subsequently understudies in the wake of finishing their school instruction move out to large urban areas and at last get settled there.† Both inner and outside mind channel point to absence of chances. â€Å"External mind channel is characterized as one when understudies move out of the nation for advanced education and settle there permanently,† further clarifies Dr. Agrawal.As per the Thomson Reuters Report 2012, India’s share in worldwide research yield is about 3.5 percent. India’s biggest worldwide portion of distributions was in the field of Chemistry (6.5 percent) trailed by Materials Science (6.4 percent), Agricultural Sciences (6.2 percent), Pharmacology Toxicology (6.1 percent) while the relative offer in the field of Physics and Engineering was 4.6 percent and 4.2 percent individually. One of the most influenced areas is hereditary building and biotechnology which adapts to deficiencies of junior staff, as around 90 percent of post-graduates in this field go to the US after culmination of their investigations in India. The nature of a nation’s advanced education vests in the innovative work, which in India’s case likewise is a region of concern and a central point for cerebrum channel. Agreeing with the abovementioned, S. R. Ahlawat, teacher at Department of Sociology, M.D University, says, â€Å"We have not had the option to give the correct sort of research condition wherein the understudies can truly add to upgrade their knowledge.† India with 68,000 understudies in 2009 represented the biggest number of outside understudies in the territory of Science and Engineering in United States, trailed by China with 54 000 understudies as indicated by the ‘Indian Human Resources Mobility: Brain channel versus Brain gain’ look into paper. â€Å"Developed nations give great condition and simple availability to personal satisfaction which incites individuals to get settled there permanently,† cautions Ahlawat at M.D University. Indian Universities have all things considered neglected to figure in the rundown of top 200 instructive establishments of the world as indicated by the QS World University Rankings for 2012. The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) rankings †the most presumed worldwide rankings of establishments for advanced education had included IIT-Bombay in 2010 which was positioned 187, however dropped to 227 of every 2012. Featuring the answers for conquer the situation, Dr. Agrawal at Central University of Himachal Pradesh, says, â€Å"Most of the state colleges are run on political obstruction which goes about as an impediment in the development of these organizations, subsequently it is a high time that there ought to be a similarity to request and development and the prime center ought to be to advance essential and basic research to spare the quality.†

Top 10 Ice Breaker Activities for Meetings, Training, and Team Building Sessions

Top 10 Ice Breaker Activities for Meetings, Training, and Team Building Sessions Whenever you’re faced with a situation where you’re in a room with random people, you can feel a little cautious. Meeting and training sessions can be awkward. Even when you’ve spent a lot of time working in a team, you might realize you don’t really know the people around you that well.For these moments, ice breaker games and teambuilding exercises can be a great way to kick-start things. While there are plenty of bad games out there, the following ten are sure to break the ice and help the team become better at communicating with each other.1. FIND THE COMMONALITYThe game is a perfect team bonding game.Setting upYou’ll need a group of people divided into pairs or larger groups of three to five, depending on the group size. You can play this game in any office setting.The game will take around 10 to 15 minutes to finish.The premiseThe groups or pairs will have to take a few minutes trying to find one thing they have in common. This could be a thing they have or something t hey like doing. You can even make it about statements they both agree with.However, it can’t be something obvious such as that they both have a nose or they all work for the same company.You also don’t want it to be something broad, such as that they both love to eat. Better commonalities would be things like “We both liked Band X in High School” or “We both made our first travel abroad at the age of 20”.Once you’ve given everyone a few minutes to think and everyone has found the commonality, each pair or group can then share it with the rest of the group.Why it’s good?The game is a great team building exercise because it focuses on finding something common rather than just sharing facts about yourself. It can help people feel more connected to each other and while people are looking to find the commonality, they’ll also share more information about themselves, helping to get to know each other.There’s also plenty of creative thinking involved. You have to think about different things you might have in common, using your thinking and communication skills along the way.You can add a bit more fun to the game by having each team “act out” the commonality in the end with the other teams trying to figure out what it is. Think in terms of charades. Teams can then get points for a right guess.You can also tweak the ice breaker game by having the groups or pairs list five commonalities instead of one.2. TWO TRUTHS AND A LIEThis is a great game for getting to know each other.Setting upYou can do this with any group of people in an office space.The best is to let people sit in a circle but any formation that allows them to see each other would do.The game takes around 15 to 30 minutes, depending on your group size.The premiseEach person has to think two truthful statements about themselves and one lie. These can be about anything such as things they like, things they’ve done and so on.You want all of them to sound plausible, as you don’t want the lie to stand out as an obvious untruth. For example, “I’ve been to the moon” wouldn’t see very plausible while “I broke my back at a skiing accident” could well be true.You will then go around one by one, each person saying the statements aloud. Once the person has made the three statements in a random order, the rest of the group will try to guess which one is the lie.Why it’s good?This is a great ice breaker game and a very traditional one to play. It allows people to get to know each other and have a few laughs on the way.It gives the team members a good way of letting other people know them and perhaps even fix some assumptions people might have made.To mix it up, you can have people write down the statements and mix the lies and truths around. Instead of two truths and a lie, people can simply make two lies and one truth.3. FIVE OF ANYTHINGFive of Anything is a classic game of team bonding.Setting upYou will just need your group of people, an office space and a pen and paper for each member of the team. You should divide the people into smaller teams of five (or smaller). It’s also a good idea to have topic ideas listed for the task.The activity takes around 5 to 15 minutes to finish, depending on the size of the group.The premiseThe teams will be given a topic and their task is to list five of their favorite things on that topic. The topics can be:Five of booksFive of moviesFive of foodsFive of languagesFive of spicesThe opportunities are rather endless in terms of the topics.Each member can write their top five and once everyone is finished, you take turns to share your favorite things with each other.Why it’s good?It’s a great game allowing people to share things about themselves and to possibly find out similarities they share. The game helps people to get to know each other while having a bit of fun.If you’re holding an office meeting, it’s possible to make the five things about the meeting’s topic. For example, five of your favourite marketing strategies or so on.If you have enough time, you can also have the smaller teams share their five favourites with the rest of the teams.4. THE GOOD AND THE BADThis is a lovely game of revealing interesting stories about yourself and finding ways to turn the negatives into positive.Setting upYou want to divide your group into pairs. If you don’t have even numbers, you can make a larger team of three or even five if you want.You don’t need any props â€" just a room for people to sit in pairs or groups.The game will take about five to ten minutes to finish.The premiseEach person will have to make a statement reflecting the most negative experience they have had. When they first make the statement they talk about the negative â€" what was so bad about the event?Afterwards, they have to focus on the good with the help of the team. Essentially, together with others, they should focus on finding the silver lining â€" perhaps something good came out of it or th e event taught them something valuable.The bad event or experience can be work related or something personal. Everyone can freely choose what they want to talk about and which event they shall pick.Why it’s good?This beautiful ice breaker game is a great way to get to know people and to create feelings of empathy. It shows that even bad things can be turned into strengths and shows the power of focusing on the positive.As mentioned above, you can have people do the activity in small groups rather than pairs. You can also make the groups think about random negative events (losing your first job) rather than everyone having to pick an event out of their own lives.5. THE ONE QUESTIONThe One Question is a problem-solving game that shows how people think in different situations.Setting upYou will need to divide your group of people into a few teams of three to five people.It’s not necessary to have a lot of space â€" just enough for people to talk amongst the group. You won’t need any props but you should prepare a list of the different situations beforehand.The game takes around 15 to 20 minutes to complete.The premiseThe objective is to come up with a single question that the team finds the best for a situation they have been presented with. In effect, you will be presented with a situation and you only have one question to ask to solve it.Here are a few ideas for the game:Marriage â€" what is the one question to ask to find your ideal spouse?Babysitting â€" what is the best question to ask a babysitter?Recruitment â€" what single question is worth asking when hiring for a specific situation?Essentially, the question is to find if a person is suitable for a specific situation or to deal with a particular problem.When you have the teams set up, you present them the situation and give them 10 or so minutes to think about the question. You can then share the solutions with the rest of the group and talk about what others think.Why it’s good?The game is a gre at way to show your creative thinking. It tests people’s ability to think outside the box and to solve problems. It will force everyone to communicate and give their opinions regarding different things â€" it will help everyone know what each other think.You can twist it around by also thinking about the one question you don’t want to ask in this situation â€" i.e. what are the things people might think about asking that are not worth it.6. SNEAK A PEEKSneak a peak is a fun problem-solving game.Setting upYou’ll need a group of people divided into teams of four to seven people, depending on the number of people available. In terms of space, any kind of office space will do and you can use separate rooms if needed.As props, you will need children’s building blocks such as Legos. You, essentially, need blocks that can be stacked and attached to each other in order to create different designs.The game takes 10 to 15 minutes to complete.The premiseThe organizer of the game should create a Lego (or building block) structure or design prior to the event. Keep this hidden from the participants at the start.Divide people into the groups and let them pick one person who will take the first look at your structure. The selected member from each team will get to view the structure for 10 seconds after which they have 30 seconds to explain what they saw to the rest of the team. The team will then try building a copy of the structure. The building phase will last just a minute.After this, a different person will go and take a peak for 10 seconds. Again, they’ll have 30 seconds to explain what they saw and the team has 1 minute to build. Repeat this process until one team builds an exact replica and wins.It’s important that there’s no talking during the 10-second peaking and no building during the 30-second explanation. The person who goes to take a peak should always be someone who hasn’t seen it yet until everyone has seen it and you can start repeating the viewers.Why it’s good?The game requires a lot of creative thinking, the ability to solve problems and great communication. The team members have to be able to communicate effectively and focus on the key points, as there is no time to waste.If you don’t have access to Lego or other similar blocks, you could make it about a drawing or even a puzzle. You can also tweak the times. For example, allow only 20 seconds for explaining or 30 seconds for the building.7. BLIND DRAWINGBlind Drawing is a game of communication and problem solving.Setting upYou will need to divide your team into pairs so this only works when you have an even number of people in the room.The game requires pens and papers so prepare those for each team.You might also want to prepare a list of things the teams will be drawing â€" these can be written on individual pieces of paper and placed in a hat for each person to draw out.The duration of the game is 10 to 15 minutes.The premiseEach pair will have one person drawing and one person explaining. The person explaining will pick an item from your list (or draw it from the hat) and then they’ll have to start explaining what it is. The person drawing will listen to those instructions and make a drawing based on what they are being told.The trick is that the person explaining cannot actually use the defining things for the thing. Let’s say they are drawing an apple, they can’t just go and say, “Draw an apple”.Furthermore, the idea is not to make the person guess what they are supposed to draw. So again, in terms of the apple, you don’t want the person explaining say, “It’s a fruit that grows in a tree”. Instead they need to guide the person through the drawing process â€" making statements like “Start by creating an almost round shape, In the middle of the to part, you want to draw a thick stick like thing.”Once the drawing is done, the members of the pair will swap places.Why it’s good?The game is a great test of commun ication skills. People need to be able to find understanding between them and communicate efficiently. It can be fun while still testing how good each person is at solving problems â€" how to make the other person draw exactly what you want.You can make this even trickier by removing words and instead of explaining the thing, the person has to act out what they want the drawer to draw.8. THE DESERT ISLANDThe Desert Island is another classic game to reveal facts about yourself.Setting upThe game works with any number of people and they can be sitting in a circle or any other formation that allows them to see each other.It should take no longer than 10 to 20 minutes to play the game, depending on how many people are taking part.The premiseEach person takes a turn to answer their Desert Island question and explain the reasoning. These are, essentially, questions about things you would take with you, do, or say if you were stranded on a desert island.Popular questions include:Who would you take on a desert island if you have to choose one deceased person, one famous person and one person from your friends or family?What book would you take with you?What album would you take with you?What item would you take with you?The person can pick just one item or thing or you can agree to allow three favorite things.Why it’s good?The Desert Island is a classic look inside someone’s mind. It’s good for getting to know people and perhaps find those commonalities between each other. It’s light-hearted fun helping to break the ice.You can make it about teams instead of individuals and have the team decide among themselves what they’d answer to each question.You can also place the questions into a hat and have everyone draw a question randomly, making it harder to pick with less time.9. THE PERFECT SQUAREThis is a fun game testing problem solving and leadership.Setting upYou’ll need a group of people and if you have a large group (over eight people, for example), you can divide them into groups of four or more.You will also need a rather large area with no obstructions (tables and chairs) because you need to group to be able to move freely.In terms of props, prepare to have a long rope for each team and blindfolds (scarfs, etc.) for each member of the team.The premiseThe purpose of the game is to create a square while holding the rope and wearing blindfolds. Start by having the team form circle and give each person a part of the robe to hold (everyone is holding on to the same robe).Each person should then have to wear blindfolds and you’ll reveal to them that they must now form a square. They can talk as much as they want but they can’t remove the blindfold.When they think they’ve made the Perfect Square, they can stop and remove the blindfold.Why it’s good?The game is a lot of fun and you will test people’s communication and leadership skills. It’s a good way of seeing who likes to lead and how, allowing people to let their communi cation skills to shine.You can make the game a lot trickier and different by only allowing the team to talk and plan before the blindfolds are put on. You can further change things around by allowing only one person to speak at a time for 30 seconds. This makes sure everyone has to take charge and lead. The person allowed to speak can then rotate every 30 seconds.10. CLASSIFY THISClassify This is a fun game testing creative thinking.Setting upYou want to divide a group of people into smaller teams of three to five people.As props, you will need to bring 20 or so everyday items that don’t have any apparent connection with each other. For example, things like toys, office supplies, clothing, cutlery and so on.The game will take around 10 to 20 minutes.The premiseThe objective is for each team to classify the 20 items into four groups of five. You try to find a unique way of grouping the five things with each other. Since the items are different, the classifications will require a bi t of creative thinking.Once each group has done this, they shall share the classifications with other teams and explain their reasoning behind the decisions. The reasons can vary from them being made from the same material to the color and so on.Why it’s good?The game can be a rather fun way of testing creative thinking. It allows people to talk with each other and reveal things about how they think when it comes to things.You can tweak this game by adding another layer to the task. Instead of just classifying, you also have to come up with a function for those grouped items.

The World War I - 829 Words

Lutwin de Macar Mr. LeClainche World History 6B April 17, 2015 I affirm the code The Unwanted Trenches It is estimated that between 8.5 and 12 million people died while fighting in the trenches. The estimation, in fact, is difficult to prove after the collapse of several countries’ government such as Russia, Austria Hungary, or Germany. The lives in the trenches were absolutely horrific. Soldiers were not aware of the life threatening conditions of the trenches when deciding to fight for their country. Indeed, the life in the trenches were dangerous and horrible for the soldiers fighting in World War One. This played an important role on soldiers’ physical and mental condition during and after the war. The trenches living conditions were†¦show more content†¦Continuous fighting unhallowed soldiers to rest physically. Sleep is essential for humans and having to fight twenty four hours a day caused critical fatigue. Although soldiers were able to shift for sleep, it was certainly not easy. Sleeping while bombing was going on was nearly impossible. Animals kept bugging soldiers while trying to gnaw your infected body parts. Injuries while fighting was unavoidable. This physical condition lead soldiers to physical breakdown or death. The extreme tough condition within the trench war was not only hard physically but mentally as well. The system of the trenches led soldiers with many body side effects and mental conditions. Shell Shock was a disease and side effect that left soldiers with psychological trauma. Many of them were due to heavy bombing leaving many soldiers with concussions that were hard to recover from. Soldiers were also found to have emotional torments. Soldiers battled with awful physical pain. In addition, soldiers were mentally concerned about living their loved ones behind or seeing their friends die on the battlefield. This mental agony Soldiers, alive after the war, had a hard time to recover mentally. Veterans from the war are usually emotional when talking about this modern warfare. They have a hard time talking about this event that marked their lives. Unfortunately, we are losing the people that witness this horrible battle. A really good example of a person

What Is the Difference Between Work and Fun Essay

What is the difference between work and fun? In the world we live in today, gambling is a professional career to some, whilst others gamble for leisure, a combination of necessity and pure enjoyment. However there is hardly any single moment where a person just fell into being a professional gambler, but there will be some people who realized that they didn’t have any other source of income. The truth is that there are many thousands of people around the country who make a good living exclusively from gambling. It is not easy, but it can be done. In order to become a professional gambler, he/she needs to practice, practice and practice some more. He/she needs to have the rules of whatever game you are planning on†¦show more content†¦Therefore, it also should be considered as work since research is also an obligatory thing to do. The thrill of risking money as well as the intermittent rewards can hijack the brains normal reward systems. Playing poker or visiting a cas ino to gamble could actually change the way that the brain works, the new research has shown. The reward systems in human brains are designed to help us learn to get access to essential rewards, such as food and shelter. When a person is playing poker or risking money at a casino, a chemical called dopamine is released in the brain, which gives the feeling of a high. Researchers point out that even when we are not winning, the rush provided by taking a risk also seems to be part of the reward. Therefore if a person gambles occasionally with a strict limit, playing with only what he/she can afford to lose, then it is considered as fun. In conclusion, it all boils down to the ultimate goal of the gambler. If his mission is to make a living and beyond with gambling, then it is considered work since the gambler will have to put in his time to fulfil certain requirements such as discipline, practice and research in order to have a good success rate. 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Character and Sex Education Free Essays

As Americans we tend to have a conditioned view toward sexuality as a normal, healthy part of life. However, it seems that one may underestimate the power that sex has on culture, which is evident in the many areas. Most recently discussions on a sexual nature received extreme national prominence with the public events surrounding the Kenneth Starr investigation and report, which focuses on the sexual aspects of the relationship between President Bill Clinton and a former intern, Monica Lewinsky. We will write a custom essay sample on Character and Sex Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The result was a war of beliefs, morals and differences of cultures mixed with political anipulations. With the increase of sexual presence in our society, it is often wondered how this increase has affected morals and values of those who live it. Sex is everywhere–not just limited to the bedroom, but to the television, movies, billboards, office buildings and almost every fragment of modern culture. Around the turn of the twentieth century, open discussion and study of sex was well on its way. Sexual/cultural pioneer, Sigmund Freud believed that sexuality was tightly woven in all persons, present from birth. His breakthrough thinking affected social practices and was nstrumental in breaking the â€Å"moral fog that had enshrouded sexuality for most of the nineteenth century did not begin to lift until after the First World War† (Janus 1993). By analyzing modern culture, a person can accurately determine the effects of the sexual revolution and how it has led to the alterations or evolution of personal, moral and Where do we get our morals and values? Character education was what took place in school and society in the past. This drilling of acceptable social conventions seemed to â€Å"contain† our culture for many years. In modern years society has shifted to the â€Å"decision-making approach† (Kilpatrick 1993). This approach takes many forms, sometimes as a course in itself, sometimes as a strategy in sex education classes, sometimes as a unit in civics or social sciences–it has set the tone for modern moral education in public and even private schools. â€Å"The shift from character education to the decision-making model was begun with the best of intentions. The new approach was meant to help students to think more independently and critically about values† (Kilpatrick 1993). Followers of this approach claimed that a young person would be more committed to self-discovered values than to ones that were simply handed down y adults. That was the hope, but the actual effect of the shift has been quite different. For students, it has meant confusion about moral values: learning to question values they have scarcely acquired, unlearning values taught at home, and concluding that questions of right and wrong are always changing with the influence of society. We live in a sexual world, but Americans have been slow to fully acknowledge its enormous impact. Among those interviewed in the Janus Report who were 18 to 26 years old, 21% of the men and 15% of the women had had sexual intercourse by age 4; a small percentage of them had had their first intercourse before age 10. â€Å"It ought to be the oldest things that are taught to the youngest people. † (Noonan 1999) This statement accurately portrays moral education today. â€Å"The Day America Told the Truth,† a 1990 survey of American beliefs and values contains this scene from a California high school. The setting, Friday afternoon and the students are leaving a class in â€Å"social living. † The teacher’s parting words are, â€Å"have a great weekend. Be safe. Buckle up. Just say no. And if you can’t say ‘No,’ then use a condom! (Kilpatrick 993) Although the teacher in this example gives a nod in the direction of abstinence, his approach is basically of the â€Å"responsible sex† variety. Sex is an image that Americans have grown accustomed too. Sex is everything. If you’re good looking, then you’re having sex. If you’re sexy, then you’re having sex. If you’re having sex, you’re popular, and people are more likely to buy stuff from your company if you show people having sex. Sex sells. Sex sells cigarettes. Sex sells cars. Sex sells clothes, alcohol and One way that a breakdown of sexual restraint hurts society is the educational sphere. There is abundant evidence that the more sexually active students do poorly in school and tend to drop out more frequently (Noonan 1999). For all of the teenage girls, who drop out of school, half of them do so because of pregnancy. But that figure only suggests one small aspect of the problem. The constant distraction caused by worries about sex and about relationships takes a tool on schoolwork. Dieting has become an unfortunate cultural phenomenon, especially for women and girls, whose self-image is often closely linked with their body image. Eating disorders are more common in girls ecause they believe it’s their role in society to be sexy. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the history of sexual abuse in eating disorders patients, and the findings have been controversial. The figures range from 7% to 74%, with most studies showing that between 20-69% of anorexics and bulimics have been abused† (Janus 1993). It is important to note, however that not everyone who has been sexually abused develops anorexia and not all anorexics have been sexually abused. For many survivors, anorexia can also serve as a way to make their bodies less desirable to potential perpetrators. In one sense, mature adolescents deny their sexuality by returning to a prepubescent state, developing amenorreah or loss of menstruation, which is one of the criteria for diagnosing anorexia. Unfortunately, teachers have been reluctant to discuss sex in absolute moral terms, leaving students with the impression that it’s purely as subjective matter. It turns out that when adults confront teens over sexual misbehaviors, a frequent response is simply, â€Å"I didn’t know it was wrong. † Everyone is a product of his or her culture. We tend to conform to cultural expectations, even if not perfectly. Our present culture sends out confused and misleading messages about sex-messages that, in the long run, may cause more harm than good. A former secretary of education observed,†I have never had a parent tell me that he or she would be offended boy a teacher telling a class that it is better to postpone sex. Or that marriage is the best setting for sex, and in which to have and raise children. On the contrary, my impression is that the overwhelming majority of parents would gratefully welcome help in transmitting such values. † (Kilpatrick 1993) The long history of sexually transmitted diseases has made aution in sex one of the facts of life. In the late 1980s, the AIDS epidemic made caution in sex a fact of life or death. It was no longer a moral issue. When AIDS surfaced as a national problem, the sexually active momentarily panicked. The enormous tensions generated by these devastating STD†s made practice of casual sex pause. â€Å"The new social and sexual changes in lifestyles have been adopted by many other participants. Divorced or separated men and women, newly single, are dating again and searching for sex partners and new love. Parents in their 40’s and 50’s and 0’s are enjoying a new sexual style at the same time their teenage or young adult children are also experimenting with sex, and seeking loving relationships. There are few guidelines now, except for cautions about sexually transmitted diseases. The old rules governing sex no longer apply, and many individuals and couples now create their own moral and lifestyle decisions, or make them within the morality of their own small, peer In the Janus report, 45% of women and 19% of men claimed to have been sexually harassed on their jobs. In the interviews, the men attributed the harassment they xperienced to both heterosexual and homosexual individuals; the women ascribed their harassment almost entirely to men. In an age of liberation, it is interesting that an issue so broad gained national attention so accidentally. Why all the sudden there an underlying awareness of widespread sexual harassment on the part of women? The intensity and speed of reaction to the charges readily support this assumption. Sexual Harassment has become a household topic across America. Today, men and women are more free than ever to explore their sexual beings in or out of marriage. Their ransformed sex roles, feminism movement and the sexual revolution cause increased communication outside the home. Today, medicine, psychology and sociology advise that people should keep on having sex as long as they wish. Sexuality becomes adapted to the context of the sexual experience, at all ages. While early adolescence are experimenting with full sexual activities of diverse varieties and young couples are seeking sex for reproduction, older couples are enjoying the comfort and excitement of sex in a new appreciated form. â€Å"A new, vital, and active sexuality has been identified mong mature, and post mature Americans. While society frets about preteens’ frolicking and college students’ antics on Spring break in Florida, the graying segment of Americans may be leading the way in superior sexual experience† (Janus 1993). Other issues relating to sexuality have also made headlines over the past two decades. Divorce rates leaped in the 1970’s, absent or self-involved parents and child-rearing practices were blamed for creating misbehaving, out-of-control kids; the family was believed to be in big trouble. Very young adults are living together without the benefit f marriage. Meanwhile, kids are experimenting with their own sexuality at earlier and earlier ages. Barely out of their own childhood, teenagers are producing babies at ever-growing rates. By the 1980’s, nearly a million mothers under 18 were giving birth every year. (Janus 1993) Of these young women, 70% were unmarried, up from 30% only a decade earlier. Some estimates indicate that as many as 10,000 extremely young women age 12 or younger, become pregnant every year. (Janus 1993) The younger these children are when they have their first child, the more likely they are to ave at least one more child before their teen years end. These children who have children are particularly at risk of dropping out of school and becoming social throwaways who face a bleak future and are wanted only on the streets. Later, unable to get and hold jobs, they will drop out of the labor market as well, creating cycles of deep, depressing, poverty as their children and grandchildren in turn become teenage, single, unemployable parents. This idea represents the attitude of our culture to criticize teen parents and to make an example of â€Å"those kids. look what can happen to you. etc. However, this is not always the case, many teen mothers are extremely successful in personal and professional careers. Many times the father will support the baby who shares his genes, even if they do not act as a family unit. By analyzing many factors where sex is apparent on modern culture, it is obvious how this increased presence has significantly affected values and morals on related topics. There has been a dramatic shift in attitude in just a small period of time and it will be interesting to see how these changes will continue to evolve and adapt to new introductions of culture and it†s influence. How to cite Character and Sex Education, Papers

Cultural Industry Policies and Strategies †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Industry Policies and Strategies. Answer: Introcuction: The spread of the culture of Korea was initiated by the first TV shows of Korea known as the dramas that became one of the very popular shown in Asia. Then, came the great wave that was spread in the rest of the world that has become possible due to the internet. The popularity that has been associated with the drama has drawn a lot of attention of the cultures that are present in Korea (Lathrop, 2013). Moreover, the knowledge of music is an integral part of the drama as the main and popular songs are repeated very often during the various episodes namely SHINees Stand by Me, in the drama called Boys over Flowers. However, to understand the increasing form of the globalization of the K-pop music around the globe, it is very important to understand the key elements that are played by the companies that promote the management of the pop music (Song, 2015). Several management agencies in Korea that includes the S M Entertainment, the YG Entertainment and the JYP Entertainment takes the main actors of the industries of K pop and are usually referred to as the Big 3 because they have the strong amount of the market shares and the operations in the International markets. Each of the agencies have their own styles and focuses on the certain type of the music that mainly produces the Hip Hop and the R and B images, the SM specializations in the pop and the dance and the JYP and the RB dances and pop. The YG Entertainment has been founded by the former member of the Seo Taiji Boys[+], Yang Hyun-Suk (Lindsay, 2015). YG who are the recording the artists that are including the Big Bang, PSY, Seven and the 2NE1 and the companies have the partnerships with the various forms of the labels for managing the International releases such as countries like Thailand, China, Japan or in the Philippines. It has been observed that the first half of the YG Entertainment have recorded the sales of the revenue of more than seventeen billion (Song, 2015). The various Industry observers have reported that Mogul who was believed to have the vineyard of California is very much fascinated with the music. Of the biggest label of the S.M is considered to be the most formulaic and it is very much unclear that whether it will be involved in the diversification of the rock, electronica and rap. However, the market of Korea is in high demand of the pop music and it is clear niche that they wants to go beyond that which is tricky and they will do very well with the amount of resources and talent they possess. However, it has been observed recently that in Southern part of Korea that has done the recoup in those investments. For all sorts of the passion there are fans of the homegrown that have not been paying enough for the K pop music. It has also been found that the CD industry has come to a stagnant level and the sites are hugely underpriced with some of the charges that are just few cents for the songs. It has been reported by the company representatives that the advertisements bring in the far more amount of the sales of the music. The Korean musicians performs for the turf in the home, however, the main supply of the money comes actually from Japan. The act starts with making the money, they have the broken form of the business models that are been underpriced, and they are actually creeping to the activities that are based on abroad. The South Korean Government has been the keen object for promoting the new form of the international identity that has the rival of the image of being the cool cultures. The sole questions that have arisen are that whether the industry has been the famous for the music or due to their problems. References Lathrop, T. (2013).This Business of Global Music Marketing: Global Strategies for Maximizing Your Music's Popularity and Profits. Billboard Books. Song, M. (2015). Global online distribution strategies for K-pop: A case of Gangnam Style.Broadcasting and Communication,16(2), 85-121. Kwon, S. H., Kim, J. (2014). The cultural industry policies of the Korean government and the Korean Wave.International journal of cultural policy,20(4), 422-439. Hughes, D., Evans, M., Morrow, G., Keith, S. (2016).The New Music Industries: Disruption and Discovery. Springer. Lindsay, S. (2015).Masculinity and alcohol in postfeminist popular culture: teenage boys consume music videos: a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, NZ(Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).

Falsifiable Paper free essay sample

Falsifiability Paula Weldon University of Phoenix Falsifiability Concept Karl Popper defined falsifiability as the innate sample of a scientific hypothesis, yet in the simplest form falsifiability is a belief; a belief that in order for a hypothesis to have credibility, it must be disconfirmed before deemed as scientific evidence ( Stanovich, 2010). Take for instance scientists who question others about God; Does he exist? Is he real? This is a theory that cant be discredited so it also cannot be labeled as science. While the idea of no theory being absolute is omething to ponder, if the theory is not falsified it must then be truth. The theory of gravity in past time was thought to be solid due to reasoning that objects do not float away haphazardly from the earths foundation. Even though research and procedures were fitting to this theory, testing was performed at any given time. Because of later research proving that Newtons laws could be broken down the theory of gravity is now unaccepted as a truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Falsifiable Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Popper addressed falsifiability as black and white; this meaning that if a theory is proven as falsifiable it is deemed scientific and if it cannot be proven falsifiable it cannot be scientific. According to Popper, there exist many areas of applied science; social science being one and is not scientific because the possibility for falsification does not exist( Pozzo, 2009). For many sciences falsifiability is useful for producing theories available to sample. When a theory which is falsifiable is tested with meaningful results, this proves the theory as a scientific truth. Of course there are both advantages and disadvantages to Poppers idea; the advantage is when additional knowledge and resources are available truths may be falsified. A huge disadvantage is that sciences of today are udgmental and factually grounded and at the least-strict. Falsifiability to the empirical nature of science Falsifiable is a whole new meaning next to verifiable; an assertion for instance is empirically verifiable if feasible awareness comments reasonably suggest truth of the assertion. If by chance factual observation comments do suggest the assertion, it becomes verified. According to Popper, something (as a discipline) that is not a science entails pseudoscience; pseudoscience would include psychology and different views of Sigmund Freud, metaphysics, and Marxism. A majority of issues dealing with science re grounded in metaphysics, yet to be labeled scientific claims need be empirical risks. Falsifiability is yet the enduring rank for Popper. Testing does not exist to prove a hypothesis or credible because it will always be speculative. Knowledge the possibility of one learning by experience instead of factual knowledge. In earlier times empiricism was likened to inductivism. (Scientific research proceeds from observations to theories)(Pozzo, 2009). Popper immediately Jumped on this by defending his notion that individuals must reach ideas by gathering facts and ascertaining ongoing patterns in them. According to others, nature has a way to speak for herself. Popper argued that first individuals must offer a proposition to get the problem solved. Next individuals must test the proposition-attempting to falsify it. The proposition tells whether observations are even pertinent; Just opposite to what inductivists think, there is no relevance when it comes to discovering something-Just the logistics of performing the test. Claims cannot be verified as already stated in this paper, but can be falsified. Popper came to his own agreement that to find truth one must eliminate misconception. Reaching error such as in efective hypotheses cannot be considered wrong (Pozzo, 2009). As a matter of fact, errors are necessary for science to continue. Individuals learn from their mistakes! Falsifiability and the discipline of Psychology In the world of psychology, theories have to be tested to determine if they are true. The way scientists make sure they are dealing with testable theories is by ensuring their theories are falsifiable; what this means is they have suggestions for genuine happenings in a natural surrounding (Stanovich, 2010). When scientists formulate hypothesis, they have to be stated in a ay that permits a statement to be false. Strategies then used to evaluate the theory as a result has to take into account the possibility that data retrieved will prove the theory as false. This is known as the Falsifiability criterion. Predictions defined by the Falsifiability criterion have to be distinct when describing what can happen, and has to describe what can not happen. When the prognosis of what can not happen, does indeed happen there poses a problem with the theory. The theory will next be changed or a new theory will develop. The result of this is that the new theory will be ore positive or closer to the truth (Stanovich, 2007). Successful theories are ones which do not account for every prospect. If they did, they would be unable to change and there would be no prospect of advancement whatsoever. Why is falsifiability important to psychology? Falsifiability can make a theory prosperous but alongside other factors; for example when theory is in-depth with clues or forecasts that go against social norms and compel individuals to think on specific ideas of ways they normally would not think on. This thinking will permit those in research to ponder on newer ways to treat. When a hypothesis is deemed falsified, a new or modernized theory is developed, but when the hypothesis is intensely specific it conveys the truth much closer to the researcher. Non-Falsifiable Psychological Theory Benjamin Rush Benjamin Rush was one of the endorsers on the Declaration of Independence as well as a prominent doctor in Philadelphia. In 1793 yellow fever broke lose and Rush was among those treating patients. Rush supported the theory which specified illnesses in association with fever needed treatment via blood transfusion. According to Stanovich (2001), Rush dispensed the treatment to a majority of his patients; he dministered the treatment to himself also when he contacted the illness. Rushs more life threatening than having the illness itself. Rushs confidence in the effectiveness of his treatment method however remained solid opposed to the several patients of his that passed away from the illness. In Rushs case, one would have to assume that his attitude along with confidence in his medical treatment played a major part of the scenario. If the patient were to survive the illness the blood transfusions worked; when the opposite occurred the patient was far too sick to try any source of treatment. Because Rush failed to determine the outcome of his treatment method and evaluate evidence provided, he simply made it near impossible to falsify his theory. Theory Newtons Theory of Gravity Falsifiable Psychological Isaac Newton was affixed on the fact that gravitational force caused an apple to fall from a tree; in his mindset, this same force keeps the earths motion from carrying it away from the sun. His gravitational force theory was based on the moon orbiting the earth the same way that the planets orbit the sun. In his thinking Newton decided the earths force on the apple which fell, the earths force on the oon, and the suns force on the planets basically are the same forces.

Appeal - Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Appeal s in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, one of the three main persuasive strategies as defined by Aristotle in his  Rhetoric: the appeal to logic (logos), the appeal to the emotions (pathos), and the appeal to the character (or perceived character) of the speaker (ethos). Also called a rhetorical appeal. More broadly, an appeal may be any persuasive strategy, especially one directed to the emotions, sense of humor, or cherished beliefs of an audience. Etymology From the Latin appellare, to entreat Examples and Observations Appeals are not the same as fallacies, which are simply faulty reasoning that may be used intentionally to deceive. Appeals can be part of a reasonable argumentative case. The potential for misuse, however, is present in all appeals . . .. Two of the most common appeals are those to the emotions and those to authority. (James A. Herrick, Argumentation: Understanding and Shaping Arguments. Strata, 2007)Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal to the sacred principles of liberty, which are embodied in one maxim: The fortunate must not be restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the unfortunate.  (Bertrand Russell, Freedom in Society. Skeptical Essays, 1928) The Appeal to Fear Fear appeals are one of the most common persuasive devices encountered by consumers today. In a class lecture at our university, a product manager at a telecommunications giant acknowledged that one of the firms most common sales techniques is to use fear, uncertainty, and doubtalso known as FUD . . .. Using FUD tactics also may be a component of propaganda campaigns where appeals are made to people to support various causes such as saying no to drugs or smoking.  (Charles U. Larson, Persuasion: Reception and Responsibility. Cengage, 2009) Sex Appeals in Advertising [L]ets take a quick look at texts that workor fail to workusing relatively simple appeals. The best examples come from advertising....An ad campaign for a certain toothpaste ... promised that the product would enhance  buyers sex appeal.The structure of this appeal is very simple and clear, but the direction of the appeal is anything but straightforward. The toothpaste company occupies the author position; the TV viewer, the audience position. The company has toothpaste to sell; viewers need to care for their teeth but are faced with many choices about which brand to buy... Product Z decides to bypass the whole health issue. It creates an appeal to an altogether different position of value: sex.It is fair  to ask  whether toothpaste has anything  to do with sex at all. On the one hand, it hardly seems sexy to think about cleaning food from between your teeth and polishing off plaque and coffee stains. On the other hand, sweet breath and  shiny teeth have traditionally been associated with physical beauty (at least in a Euro-American culture). Shiny, healthy teeth also suggest youth and prosperity.To capitalize (literally) on these associations, the toothpaste ads show lovely, young, prosperous-looking men and women whose gleaming teeth occupy the central focus of my television screen. Im looking at them, without the least hint of doubt that these people have sex appeal.The act of substituting a new position  of value for a more obvious one works like a metaphor... Instead of saying, Product Z promotes dental health, we can say, Product Z gives you sex appeal.(M. Jimmie Killingsworth,  Appeals in Modern Rhetoric: An Ordinary-Language Approach. Southern Illinois University Press, 2005)

Happiness and the Limits of Satisfaction Research Paper

Happiness and the Limits of Satisfaction - Research Paper Example I think increased choice does not make us happy, and therefore, individual choices should not be paternalistically restricted because happiness is not the highest aim of human conduct. There are those actions which add to pleasurable activities that cannot be taken as always right. Moral virtue does not imply end of life since life can continue with unhappiness, misery, and inactivity. Therefore, moral virtues are gained by behaving virtuously but they can be damaged by either defect or excess. People are free to determine what type of self they will have, what type of people they will be. For instance, people are free to be frivolous or serious, selfish or selfless (Ignacio 67). The most significant thing is that at least one should be in a position to maintain the goal of maximal self-determination as a desirable moral and psychological state. Hence, a fully self-determined person is one that is unconstrained by biology, social constructions or by habit. Such a person will operate without constraints, which in turn enables him or her to make choices in the world to maximize his or her preferences in maintaining tenets of rational choice (Mike 42). Happiness is the central core of living, which depends entirely on cultivation of virtues. Playing the mean is the way of cultivating virtues that includes moral virtues for the attainment of individual happiness. Playing the mean is the virtue between two extreme excesses and deficiency. For instance, exercising the act of justice in getting too little or getting too much. Therefore, human beings make choices depending on the circumstances that surround them by choosing on one option and neglecting the other. The task of ethics or tenets of rational choice were to come up with the highest and the best good that is found in human life. Thus, all human activities always aim at some recognized higher end that we always consider as good. Most activities that human beings incur in life are a

ExxonMobil Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

ExxonMobil Corporation - Research Paper Example The modern history of the US oil and gas industry began in the latter half of the 19th century with the first commercial oil drilling venture in Pennsylvania. The period 1955 - 2002 saw an important era in the US oil and gas industry. In spite of large scale production, the US saw itself drawing down its reserves of both oil and gas during this period. The US increased its reliance on foreign oil during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1960, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed. Various political and economic events, in particular the wars in the Middle East during the late 1960s and 1970s had substantial impacts on the world oil and gas industry. Prior to 1955, the US was both the largest producer of oil in the world with over 60 percent of world production and a net exporter of oil. A SWOT Analysis has been conducted to scan the internal and external environment that surrounds the company. With the aid of the analysis, a TOWS matrix has been drawn so as to study the challenges faced by the company and form strategies to counter these challenges. The modern history of the US oil and gas industry began in the latter half of the 19th century with the first commercial oil drilling venture in Pennsylvania. The period 1955 - 2002 saw an important era in the US oil and gas industry. In spite of large scale production, the US saw itself drawing down its reserves of both oil and gas during this period. The US increased its reliance on foreign oil during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1960, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed. Various political and economic events, in particular the wars in the Middle East during the late 1960s and 1970s

Howard Gardner’s Theory of Intelligence Analysis

Howard Gardner’s Theory of Intelligence Analysis Sophia Ashraf Individual Differences Essay Describe and evaluate the usefulness of Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence? Intelligence is a highly significant and contested area within psychology. It is an elusive, multi-faceted ability that has close connections with Cognitive Psychology. It is characterised by inter-individual variation and is measured using intelligence tests. Some definitions of intelligence include: the ability to solve problems, retain information and the possession of numerous skills and talents. Howard Gardner, the founder of multiple intelligence theory defines intelligence as ‘a biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture’ (Gross, 2010: 645). This definition implies intelligence is a social construction as its definition lies upon the values of a society (Mahoney, 2011). Howard Gardner was born in Pennsylvania in 1943. He has completed studies in neuropsychology and developmental psychology at Harvard University, where he is currently a professor in Cognition and Education. He is also a senior director of the human cognition research group named Harvard Project Zero, and has published several books including Frames of Minds (1953) and ‘The Art and Science of Changing our own and other People’s Minds’ (2004). Gardner was influenced by psychologist Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jerome Bruner and Jean Piaget. His theory draws on his knowledge and findings from evolutionary biology, anthropology, developmental/cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and psychometrics (Garnett, 2005; Maltby et al, 2010). This essay will describe and evaluate the usefulness of Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences in the contemporary world. Howard Gardner asserts intelligence is not fixed at birth. It develops through experience and learning. Each person is born with a wide variety of capabilities that reside in separate sections of the brain. In theory, this means that brain damage in one area will leave other cognitive functions intact. Consequently, intelligence is a computer that works more or less well. Gardner worked as an investigator at the Boston University Aphasia Research Centre. He was interested in human faculties under conditions of brain damage and studied children and brain damaged adults. He examined for behaviours which developed at similar ages, were similarly affected by damage to a particular part of the brain and behaviours that interfered with one other when performing two tasks simultaneously (Cooper, 2002; Gardner, 1999). In regards to intelligence, Gardner acknowledges nature providing us with savants and prodigies. One such extraordinary case study is that of a savant called Leslie Lemke, who was born blind and suffered from both mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Despite his illness, he showed incredible skills in playing the piano. At the age of 18, he could listen to a piece of classical piano music and play it back flawlessly. This evidences Howard Gardner’s views that our intelligences are independent as people with signs of brain damage can have extraordinary profiles of intelligence despite their mental illness (Gregory, 2011) Howard Gardner takes a multidimensional approach to intelligence. He identifies nine distinct faculties. The first two are distinguishable from standard IQ tests. These are linguistic and logical- mathematical intelligence. Gardner’s theory incorporates an additional five which are spatial, musical, bodily-kinaesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. After 1996, he added a further two intelligences to his theory. These comprise of naturalist and existentialist intelligence. Firstly, linguistic intelligence is displaying ability in speaking, writing, listening and reading. This intelligence is crucial for us to make sense of the world and learn new languages. Lawyers, writers, poets and teachers all have high linguistic intelligence. Students with high linguistic intelligence learn best by reading, listening to lectures and taking notes. Secondly, logical-mathematical intelligence is associated with high reasoning capabilities and the skill to carry out complex c alculations. Mathematicians, economists and doctors all possess high logical-mathematical intelligence. It is claimed that the western education system is heavily biased in Gardner’s first two intelligences. This means that only students who excel in these subjects will benefit. Moreover, it should be noted that schools now incorporate design technology subjects into their curriculum to cater for students’ needs (Gardner, 1999; Garnett, 2005; Maltby, 2012). Gardner’s next three intelligences are compatible with the arts. The first is musical intelligence which also entails aspects of linguistic intelligence. Musicians, singers and composers have high musical intelligence as they display great sensitivity to sounds and rhythms. The second faculty linked with the arts is bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence, which involves the use of bodily-movements and physiology to solve problems. These people learn best by adopting a hands-on approach. Strong bodily-kinaesthetic individuals might use muscle memory as an aid to learning. Careers suited to this intelligence include dancers, athletics, mechanics and builders. The third intelligence correlated with the arts is spatial intelligence which is the awareness, recognition and manipulation of space. Navigators, artists, surgeons and chess players all have high spatial intelligence. These people have a good sense of direction and hand eye coordination (ibid). Gardner’s sixth faculty is interpersonal intelligence which involves interaction with others, understanding their intentions and motivations and being able to communicate and work effectively as part of a group. Careers linked with this intelligence involve teachers, politicians and social workers. Mahatma Gandhi famously stressed the importance of understanding others. Alternatively, Gardner’s seventh intelligence which is intrapersonal intelligence is to do with self-reflective capacities. This faculty closely mirrors Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence theory as it places emphasis on understanding our emotions, goals and motivations in order to solve problems. Careers suited to this intelligence include philosophers and psychologists. Gardner’s eighth ability is naturalist intelligence which incorporates displaying sensitivity to the natural world. Careers linked with this ability include farmers, environmentalists and scientists. Charles Darwin, a prominent person declared himself ‘as a born naturalist’ (Gardner, 1999:48). Lastly, Gardner’s ninth intelligence which is known as existentialist intelligence involves displaying concern with ultimate issues in life such as the meaning of life and death plus the fate of both physical and psychological worlds (Gardner, 1999; Garnett, 2005; Maltby, 2012). Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory is based on two fundamental principles. Firstly, intelligences exist as independent entities that may also require collaboration in order to achieve a task. For example, singing and dancing together entails the amalgamation of both musical and bodily-kinaesthetic faculties. Secondly, Gardner states every individual is unique in their levels of ability. There may be two individuals with musical talent but only one can sing whilst, the other is skilful in playing a musical instrument. This proves intelligence is not the same in any two individuals, not even monozygotic twins who share 100% genetic similarity. This proves, we are all intelligent but in different ways as Gardner claims ‘We are not all the same; we do not all have the same kinds of minds and education works most effectively if these differences are taken into account rather than denied or ignored’ (Gardner, 1999: 91). Gardner asserts intelligence cannot be measure d via IQ test. He proposes the need for empirical observations such as observing a music class and argues this would provide a more valid and detailed picture of musical intelligence (Conti, 2008; Gross, 2010). Gardner’s theory has practicalities within educational institutions. This includes primary, secondary, college and university level. His theory makes an invaluable contribution to the education system. It is egalitarian as it takes into account the entire human cognition. Armstrong (2009) cited in Ghamrawi, 2014) argues the theory is productive since it provides multiple approaches to learning which allows teachers to be imaginative as they can draw on a repertoire of activities within the classroom. Therefore, it is beneficial as it will account for students preferential learning styles such as auditory, visual and kinaesthetic. For instance, teachers can integrate linguistic intelligence by making pupils write a story or read poetry. Similarly, teachers can embrace logical-mathematical intelligence by making students solve puzzles and crosswords. Overall, numerous schools have structured their curriculum towards Gardner’s faculties which signals the value of his theor y (Gardner, 1999; Garnett, 2005; Malim and Birch, 1998). The Harvard Project Zero has researched 41 schools in America applying multiple intelligence theory for at least 3 years. Results show 78% of the schools reporting positive test outcomes, with 63% attributing the improvement to practices inspired by Gardner’s theory. Additionally, 78% reported improved performances by students with learning difficulties and 75% credited the increase to multiple intelligence theory. (Gardner, 1999) These figures support the view that multiple intelligence theory is extremely successful within the education system. Meanwhile, the extent to which the findings can be generalised to other schools worldwide is called into question. This is because the research focussed on a small sample of schools in America and used self-report methodology. This may means the findings suffer from social desirability bias as teachers and students may answer in a way that favours the school’s reputation (Garnett, 2005). The theory’s multi-faceted nature is beneficial to students as it helps them master their preferred disciplines for instance, linguistic intelligence for the poet and bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence for the dancer. Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has also been embraced by institutions such as museums that have practically integrated Gardner’s criteria with visual, spatial and bodily-kinaesthetic activities for students. Gardner’s theory is equally valid within the workplace as all businesses make use of a mixture of multiple intelligences. For instance, businesses that deal with finance and accounting draw on logical-mathematical intelligence. Likewise, entertainment businesses draw on musical intelligences, linguistic and bodily kinaesthetic intelligences. More importantly, Gardner’s theory is applicable with other species and organisms as rodents have strong spatial intelligence whereas, birds possess outstanding musical intelligence. It m ay well be argued that computers too have multiple faculties as they are extremely effective in multitasking (ibid). Nevertheless, Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory is highly controversial. It is criticised for being extremely flexible. This makes it difficult for researchers to construct a single test that will measure and evaluate all nine faculties. For this reason, the theory has little scientific credibility. It may well be argued that Gardner’s musical and bodily-kinaesthetic intelligences are better viewed as talents as they are not needed in adapting to life demands .Additionally, the theory is proven irrelevant in regards to uniform schooling which believes all pupils should be taught the same subjects in the same manner. In regards to the implementation of Gardner’s theory within the education system, it is disapproved for increasing educators’ workload. Ultimately, Gardner’s theory is criticised since it derives from his own intuitions and findings rather than from comprehensive empirical research (Conti, 2008; Gardner, 1999; Ghamrawi, 2014). In comparison to Gardner’s theory, psychologist Charles Spearman’s theory advocates the notion of a general faculty (g). Spearman administered tests to Hampshire schoolchildren on six areas of ability including mathematical ability, ability to follow complex instructions, visualisation, knowledge of vocabulary, matching colours and musical pitch. He invented factor analysis to analyse the scores and concluded one factor called general ability (g) that determined children’s intellectual performance. His results implied that if a child performed above average on one of the tests, it was more likely that they would perform above average on all other tests. The problem with his study is that intelligent students would have been selected. Gardner was sceptic about Spearman’s single faculty. He proposed the existence of numerous intelligences. Nevertheless, Spearman’s view is regarded as both reductionist and deterministic as it reduces intelligence to a single lump (Mahoney, 2011; Maltby et al, 2010). Alternatively, Robert Sternberg a professor at Yale University came up with the triarchic theory of intelligence. He claims certain mental mechanisms are required for intelligent behaviour. His theory deals with three types of intelligence: componential, experiential and contextual intelligence. Componential intelligence consists of mental mechanisms responsible for intelligence behaviour. The first mechanism is meta-components which are responsible for determining the nature of an intellectual problem, selecting a strategy to resolve the problem and making sure the task is completed. Secondly, performance components are the processes actually involved in solving the problem. Thirdly, knowledge- acquisition components are involved in learning new information. Sternberg’s second ability is named experiential intelligence involves the ability to deal effectively with novel tasks from previous experience (Gregory, 2011; Mahoney, 2011; Maltby, 2010). Lastly, Sternberg’s contextual intelligence involves the adaptation, shaping of a current environment and the selection of a new environment. Kline (1991 cited in Mahoney, 2011) criticises Sternberg’s theory for defining intelligence too broadly. His theory raises the question as to whether intelligence is an ability, personality trait or behavioural style. Nevertheless, the theory has real life applications like Gardner’s theory. For example, an employee who convinces their boss to do things differently has used shaping to alter the work environment. Sternberg’s theory is more credible than Gardner’s as he has devised The Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test to validate his theory. Both Sternberg and Gardner agree that intelligence is a complicated phenomenon that cannot be measured by any single intelligence test (Gregory, 2011; Mahoney, 2011; Maltby, 2010). In conclusion, Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is both highly valued and also contentious within the contemporary world. In relation to his criteria of intelligences, many may argue there are several others intelligences that Gardner has failed to consider for instance cooking intelligence, humour intelligence, spiritual intelligence and many more. Whether researchers consider Gardner’s theory as useful or not depends on their definition and interpretation of intelligence. This will also depend on whether the individual considers intelligence as singular or plural (Gardner, 1999).

High School and Republic High Books Essay

Ms. P Andy Lau Argumentative Essay Censorship is the government is control the media, censorship can used to control or protect people. Some groups feel that books with objectionable material should be censored for many different reasons,such as sexual content,against a religion ,bad language,racism violence. I believe that books shouldn’t be censored because we have the right to read it,and it depends on your own personality. Therefore I intend to prove that the banning of books in schools is completely unjustified. In Fahrenheit 451,There is a old women in the story,she is willing to die to not leave her books. It shows that books are so important to us, and our society that she was willing to die rather than give them up,also the character Guy Montag is curious to read those books,she quitted his job for those books. In the article â€Å"You have insulted me â€Å" by kurt Vonnegut. He is angry because his books got burned by the school board. †That’s because people speak coarsely in real life†this shows people speak bad word in real life,so why can’t books have bad words. Both the article supports my opinion that book shouldn’t be banged from high school. †Two books pulled form Republic school library shelves†this article is two of the three Republic High books singled out in a public complaint last year will now removed from the school curriculum and library. Those three books are â€Å"Speak†by Laurie Halse Anderson. Kurt Vonnegut’s†Slaughterhouse Five†and Sarh Ockler’s â€Å"Twenty Boy Summer†. And they didn’t banned â€Å"Speak†because it didn’t describe sex so much,and it has a good message. Also they just banned those books in classroom,students can still read it in library and independence reading . The second article is talking about parents and school districts have debated what books are appropriate for a school library collection and what books should be banned. ACLU didn’t ban books because they say its against the First Amendment . also they said†You clearly can’t remove a book because you disagree with the ideas in them†,this shows books shouldn’t get banned . We have to see different face of books ,bad way and good way. I believe that books should not be censored because books can send us good messages and our imaginary . It also depends on your own personality,if we have a evil mind ,we could only see the evil thing in the books,if we are normal human,we suppose to able to learn something form books,so I am sure that banning of books in schools is completely unjustified.

Comparison of Batteries

Lead Acid Cell vs. Button Cell Lead acid cells were invented in 1859 by the French Physicist Gaston Plante, and are the oldest types of rechargeable batteries. These types of batteries typically weigh at 5kg, but can range from half a kilogram to over 30 kilograms on the consumer market. Though their chemistry means a very low energy-to-weight and energy-to-volume ratio in comparison to other modern batteries, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells maintain a large power-to-weight ratio.This makes them highly desirable for use in large appliances such as motor vehicles, which require the high current provided by this type of battery. In comparison, Button cells are much smaller than lead acid cells. Button cells are shaped as small, squat cylinders usually 5 to 22mm in diameter and between 1 to 6mm in height and weigh little over several grams. The voltage and current produced by these batteries are small and steady, and these properties make them very suita ble for powering small portable electronic devices such as wrist watches, pocket calculators, hearing aids, and sometimes pacemakers.These batteries are usually not rechargeable, and last a long time, though lifespan depends on chemical composition and use. Chemistry Lead acid calls use a chemical reaction in order to produce a voltage between the output terminals. The battery contains two plates, and the discharge process is driven by the conduction of electrons from the negative plate back into the cell at the positive plate. All lead acid sells use Lead Sulfate in their reactions. These chemicals were originally contained as a liquid, but a technique has now been developed in which a gel electrolyte is used, preventing leakage.Negative plate reaction: Pb(s) + HSO? 4(aq) > PbSO4(s) + H+(aq) + 2e- Positive plate reaction: PbO2(s) + HSO? 4(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 2e- > PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) Overall reaction: Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) > 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) Button cells are single cells, and are Primary cells, being not rechargeable. Button cells have both an Anode and Cathode separated by a separator contained within a metal â€Å"can†. Common anode materials are zinc or lithium, and there are a range of cathode materials, including manganese dioxide, silver oxide, and cupric oxide.Of notable mention is the mercuric oxide button cell, which was banned due to the toxicity and environmental hazard of mercury. Reaction between silver oxide (cathode) and zinc (anode): Zn + Ag2O ZnO + 2Ag These batteries are dry batteries, and are created with the ideal of a long lifetime. As such, they rarely leak if ever, and boast a steady electricity production over a long period of time. Both Lead acid cells and button cells rely on chemical reactions for the production of their energy.However, where a lead-acid cell would typically use an anode and cathode within a liquid or gel medium, button cells use solid anode and cathodes which react with each other through a separator. T his reflects their uses; where the chemistry of a lead acid battery allows it to produce large amounts of electricity in surges as needed to start appliances such as motor vehicles, the chemistry of Button cells allows for a slow and steady release of small amounts of charge. Cost and Practicality As was reflected upon under the chemistry subtitle, the batteries have been designed, and retain their designs, to specifically fit their uses.Though the size of the lead acid batteries does not allow for the powering of small portable devices such as watches, it maintains its usefulness in larger appliances and uses such as motor vehicles, which require a large amount of electrical energy to start up, but does not require a steady flow of energy. This is reflected in the property of these batteries being able to release large surges of energy. As these are designed for long use and provide large power, the cost for these are quite high, ranging from $100 to $300 each.In comparison, the bu tton cell battery is used for very small applications such as wrist watches and hearing aids. This is reflected in their small, convenience, and ability to provide a long lasting, steady flow of energy. However, this means that they are unable to supply large amounts of energy at a time, and are therefore unfit for use in industry and larger appliances such as motor vehicles. The cost of these batteries is much cheaper than that of the large, lead acid batteries, rarely coming up to above a few dollars. Impact on SocietyBatteries have had a large impact on society since their invention. In particular, lead acid batteries were among the first to be invented. These batteries have had a major impact on society; They have allowed for the powering of motor vehicles, which have become a major component in the lives of many living in developed cities. Though an older model of battery, these batteries continue to hold significant impact on society even today. In comparison, button cells pow er small, handheld portable appliances such as watches and hearing aids.This is asignificant difference from the impact of lead acid batteries. However, both batteries have impacted the life of many in developed societies, generally making life easier, and more convenient for all. Environmental impact Lead acid batteries are extremely hazardous to the environment. Lead is a hazardous metal, and poisonous to both environments and animals, and humans are not excepted. Though the use of lead in batteries is usually very controlled, the production of it is not; of three plants in Australia, two have required strict non-residential zones of 2-3 km.This implies that though all safety precautions are being taken, there is still a danger of contamination and danger to the environment. In comparison, button cells are much safer. Though non rechargeable, their recyclability means the mining of the metals used in batteries is reduced to a minimum. However, the environmental impact of these mat erials is determined by the actual materials used. This was reflected upon in the past, when mercuric oxide batteries were banned for the toxicity and environmental damage caused by mercury. References ttp://www. powerstream. com/Size_SLA. htm http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/electric/leadacid. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery#Electrochemistry http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Silver-oxide_battery http://batteryuniversity. com/learn/article/types_of_battery_cells http://science. howstuffworks. com/electric-battery-info1. htm http://electrochem. cwru. edu/encycl/art-b02-batt-nonr. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Button_cell#Properties_of_different_types http://www. lead. org. au/lanv3n2/lanv3n2-5. html